Right to Food: A Worldview to Address Food Insecurity
5.11.2024
Food insecurity is defined as the lack of, or impending lack of food in adequate quantity and quality amongst individuals and households. Food insecurity in general is usually determined by the financial capacity of the individuals or families to access the food they need in the appropriate amount. Major causes of food insecurity are population growth and poverty, however, there are also economic causes such as inflation and political causes such as wars. Health and Statistics Canada document that food insecurity is a determinant of unhealthy eating, and overall health.
Food insecurity has been, and remains a major global problem associated with various side effects and negative consequences for individuals, households and communities at large. As an example, a study by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities show that the lack of access to affordable nutritious food is linked to greater risks of multiple chronic health conditions including obesity, hypertension, arthritis, cardiac diseases and diabetes. Additionally, individuals living in food-insecure households have an increased risk of infectious diseases and mental health problems such as depression and anxiety.
There are also social and economic consequences of food insecurity. Food insecurity can limit growth and development both physically, mentally and academically. When children and older students lack the food or nutrients needed for proper growth and development, they may experience physical, social and academic limitations such as absence from school, poor performance and lack of confidence. Economically, when people are hungry and lacking adequate nutrients, they are less motivated and likely to participate and contribute to economic growth.
The perception and value for food determines how the problem of food insecurity is understood, prioritized and addressed. Since 1948, food has been recognized as a fundamental human right, particularly in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) nations who have signed many international agreements regarding the right to food. The right to food means access to consistent and constant supply of essential dietary needs in quantity and quality that is sufficient for everyone, and which ensures adequate physical and mental wellbeing.
With the understanding that food is a fundamental human right, all levels of government- including federal, state and local governments, have a duty and responsibility to their citizens to take measures, develop strategies and engage in all necessary actions to mitigate and alleviate food insecurity and hunger. Despite population growth, inflation and other adverse economic conditions, access and availability to food in adequate quantity and quality must always be a state priority. These governmentsmust highlight and address food insecurity by addressing the root causes and not just providing short term, unsustainable food gifts to the masses. Investments in Agriculture can provide long term benefits by reducing the cost of food and making more food available.